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test-and-measurement:guides:waveforms-impedance-analyzer [2022/09/12 19:24] – changed forum.digilentinc.com to forum.digilent.com Jeffrey | test-and-measurement:guides:waveforms-impedance-analyzer [2024/02/29 14:25] (current) – [Using the Impedance Analyzer] replaced image Fausto Soares | ||
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+ | ======Using the Impedance Analyzer ====== | ||
+ | ~~TechArticle~~ | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{test-and-measurement/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
+ | Impedance Analyzers are used to measure a circuit-under-test' | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Prerequisites ===== | ||
+ | * Digilent Test and Measurement Device with Analog Inputs and Outputs: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * Computer with WaveForms Software Installed | ||
+ | * A Reference Circuit, which can be provided by: | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * A reference resistor appropriate for the specific load, as described in [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ===== Guide ===== | ||
+ | ==== 1. Opening the Impedance Analyzer Instrument==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | === 1.1 === | ||
+ | Plug in the Test & Measurement Device, then start WaveForms and make sure the device is connected. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If no device is connected to the host computer when WaveForms launches, the **Device Manager** will be launched. Make sure that the device is plugged in and turned on, at which point it will appear in the Device Manager' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //" | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //The Device Manager can be opened by clicking on the " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ reference: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | === 1.2 === | ||
+ | Once the Welcome page loads, in the instrument panel at the left side of the window, click on the " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | === 1.3 === | ||
+ | Once the //Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ==== 2. Using the Impedance Analyzer==== | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | An Impedance Analyzer is used to analyze capacitive and inductive elements. This section walks through setting up the //Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===2.1 Hardware Setup=== | ||
+ | In this tutorial, the impedance of a 10nF capacitor is measured. Referring to the previous table, a 10kOhm reference resistor is required for this value of capacitance. Refer to the "Load First" diagram to the right for how to set up this circuit (the capacitor is the load and the reference resistor is the resistor in the diagram.) | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //The Analog Input channels can be used with BNC Cables. For more information, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | An example of this setup is shown in the picture to the right: | ||
+ | * Capacitor and reference resistor connected in series | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * Ground (black wire) connected to the free end of the reference resistor | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //If desired, BNC Cables can be used to connect the Analog I/O channels to the circuit under test. This is discussed in detail in the [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | When using a device with BNC cables, make sure to set the attenuation of the oscilloscope probes in the options menu (with the gear icon). | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ reference: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | --> Click here if using the Impedance Analyzer Adapter for Analog Discovery # | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | The Impedance Analyzer Adapter uses a "Load First" topology, which is summarized in the diagram to the right. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | The Impedance Analyzer Adapter attaches to the MTE cable connector slot on the Analog Discovery. A load, whether a single component, or a circuit to test, should be connected to connector J2, and the component or jumpers should be locked in place with the orange clips. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <-- | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===2.2 Software Setup=== | ||
+ | All software parameters will be left as default like in Section 1 with the exception of changing the reference resistor value. On the Control Bar, select the **Resistor** drop-down menu and click on //10kOhm// as shown in the picture to the right. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ reference: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | --> Click here if using the Impedance Analyzer Adapter for Analog Discovery # | ||
+ | <WRAP group> <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | Change the Reference Resistor Topology dropdown to " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <-- | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===2.3 Run Impedance Analyzer Instrument=== | ||
+ | To start collecting data, navigate to the left of the Control Bar and click the " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | The impedance and phase of the capacitor as a function of frequency is now plotted in the plot plane as shown in the picture to the right. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ==== Note: Using Multiple Instruments ==== | ||
+ | The //Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | |||
+ | It should be noted that the Analog Input channels cannot be shared by multiple instruments. When the //Impedance Analyzer// is enabled, any other instruments using the Analog Input channels are disabled. Other instruments that use the Analog Input channels include the // | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ==== 3. Impedance Analyzer Instrument User Interface Overview==== | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | This section walks through the various tools and configurations for the //Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.1 Meter/ | ||
+ | The Meter/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.1.1 Meter Mode== | ||
+ | Selecting //Meter// from the Meter/ | ||
+ | * Hides the plot planes from Analyzer Mode | ||
+ | * Displays a table of values associated with the DUT | ||
+ | * Adds a new toolbar (shown in the red rectangle in the picture to the right) | ||
+ | The new toolbar provides the following features: | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //Model//: Select whether DUT models a Parallel or Series connection | ||
+ | * //Custom//: Check this box to customize the values in the table | ||
+ | * //Edit//: Click on this button to open a new window for choosing which measured values are to be displayed in the Meter table | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.1.2 Analyzer Mode== | ||
+ | Selecting // | ||
+ | * //Input//: Gain Magnitude | ||
+ | * //Phase//: Phase, Input Phase | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //Factor//: D and Q plots | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.2 Control Bar=== | ||
+ | Located above the plot planes is the Control Bar (as shown in Section 1.3) where the //Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.1 Acquisition Buttons== | ||
+ | The " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.2 Start/Stop Frequency == | ||
+ | The **Start** and **Stop** drop-down menus correspond to the start and stop frequency of the acquisition, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.3 Samples and Samples/ | ||
+ | The **Samples** and **/Decade** drop-down menus correspond to the number of samples per acquisition and the division of those samples per decade on the plot plane, respectively. These values can be changed by clicking on the drop-down menu arrow, scrolling to the desired frequency, and selecting it or by typing the desired value manually into the text field. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //Changing one of these fields will update the other accordingly.// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.4 DUT and Reference Resistor Topology Arrangement== | ||
+ | This drop-down menu allow the user to select the appropriate topology for the DUT and reference resistor. There are four choices available, each are described below with reference diagrams to the right. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //The " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | **W1-C1-DUT-C2-R-GND**: | ||
+ | * //Node 1//: Wavegen Channel 1, Scope Channel 1+, and the DUT input | ||
+ | * //Node 2//: Scope Channel 2+, DUT output, and the reference resistor | ||
+ | * //Node 3//: Reference resistor and ground | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | **W1-C1-R-C2-DUT-GND**: | ||
+ | * //Node 1//: Wavegen Channel 1, Scope Channel 1+, and the reference resistor | ||
+ | * //Node 2//: Scope Channel 2+, reference resistor, and the DUT input | ||
+ | * //Node 3//: DUT output and ground | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | **W1-C1P-DUT-C1N-C2-R-GND**: | ||
+ | * //Node 1//: Wavegen Channel 1, Scope Channel 1+, and the DUT input | ||
+ | * //Node 2//: Scope Channel 1-, Scope Channel 2+, DUT output, and the reference resistor | ||
+ | * //Node 3//: Reference resistor and ground | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.5 Amplitude and Offset== | ||
+ | These drop-down menus allow the user to control the amplitude of the Wavgen input and the option to apply a DC offset voltage, respectively. These values can be changed by clicking on the drop-down menu arrow, scrolling to the desired frequency, and selecting it or by typing the desired voltage manually into the text field. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.6 Reference Resistor and Averaging == | ||
+ | The **Resistor** drop-down menu indicates the external reference resistor so Waveforms can correctly compute the current through the DUT. This value must be chosen in relation to the capacitance or inductance of the DUT. Refer to the table under //Using the Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.7 Options == | ||
+ | The **Options** drop-down menu provides the user with the following configuration parameters for the //Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | * //Scale//: Logarithmic or Linear | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //Settle//: Characterizes the time window between sampled data | ||
+ | * //Min Periods//: Characterizes the minimum number of sampling periods by powers of 2 | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | Scope Channel 1 and Channel 2 Options: | ||
+ | * //Offset//: Apply DC offset to a Scope channel | ||
+ | * //Range//: Set range for Scope by input signal amplitude or a set voltage | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ reference: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ==3.2.8 Compensation== | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | |||
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | These reference resistor values can also be changed in this window and reflected in the Control Bar's **Resistor** drop-down menu. This is useful when the reference resistor value is not exactly it's marked value. When compensation is performed, values are stored for each reference resistor value over the specified frequency range. If the resistor values or frequency range changes, this compensation must be performed again. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Performing Compensation**: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | **A** {{ : | ||
+ | **B** {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.3 File Menu=== | ||
+ | The File drop down menu has these options available to the user: | ||
+ | * //New Impedance//: | ||
+ | * //Open Project//: Open a previously saved Waveforms workspace | ||
+ | * //Save Project//: Save the current Waveforms workspace | ||
+ | * //Export//: Export plotted/ | ||
+ | * //Close Impedance//: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.4 Control Menu=== | ||
+ | The Control menu contains the acquisition controls for the user that are also available in the Control Bar: | ||
+ | * //Single//: Run a single acquisition of the Impedance tool | ||
+ | * //Run//: Run a repeating acquisition of the Impedance tool | ||
+ | * //Stop//: Stop acquisition | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.5 View Menu=== | ||
+ | The View menu provides the same plot/window toggling options discussed in Section 3.1.2 (Analyzer Mode) but with two additional window options: | ||
+ | * //Time//: shows a time domain plot of the DUT | ||
+ | * //Notes//: A text editor pane for user notes when using the //Impedance Analyzer Instrument// | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.6 Window Menu=== | ||
+ | The Window menu provides three main options to the user: | ||
+ | * //Help//: A link to the WaveForms help menu | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * Links to other Waveforms tools that are currently open | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Other Resources ===== | ||
+ | For more guides on how to use the Digilent Test and Measurement device, return to the device' | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more information on WaveForms, visit the [[software: | ||
+ | |||
+ | For technical support, please visit the [[https:// |