Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
test-and-measurement:guides:waveforms-network-analyzer [2022/09/12 15:56] – changed forum.digilentinc.com to forum.digilent.com Jeffrey | test-and-measurement:guides:waveforms-network-analyzer [2024/02/28 19:24] (current) – [Prerequisites] James Colvin | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | ====== Using the Network Analyzer ====== | ||
+ | ~~TechArticle~~ | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
+ | Network Analyzers are used to measure the frequency response of a circuit-under-test. This guide explains the use of WaveForms' | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ===== Prerequisites ===== | ||
+ | * A Digilent Test & Measurement Device with Analog Input and Output Channels: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * [[test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | * A Computer with WaveForms Software Installed | ||
+ | * //1.5 kΩ resistor - optional, for testing// | ||
+ | * //10 nF capacitor - optional, for testing// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ===== Guide ===== | ||
+ | ====1. Opening the Network Analyzer==== | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | === 1.1 === | ||
+ | Plug in the Test & Measurement Device, then start WaveForms and make sure the device is connected. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If no device is connected to the host computer when WaveForms launches, the **Device Manager** will be launched. Make sure that the device is plugged in and turned on, at which point it will appear in the Device Manager' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //" | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Note:** //The Device Manager can be opened by clicking on the " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | === 1.2 === | ||
+ | Once the Welcome page loads, in the instrument panel at the left side of the window, click on the **Network** button to open the //Network Analyzer// instrument. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===1.3=== | ||
+ | Once the //Network Analyzer// instrument opens, the window contains the plot plane split horizontally into two subplot planes, the control bar above the plot planes, and the configuration panel to the right of the plot plane. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ====2. Using the Network Analyzer==== | ||
+ | //This section walks through setting up the //Network Analyzer// to plot the frequency response of a low-pass filter.// | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===2.1 Hardware Setup=== | ||
+ | Connect the Test & Measurement device' | ||
+ | |||
+ | /*The Analog Input channels can be used with BNC Cables. For more information, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ reference: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | When using a device with MTE cables, such as the Analog Discovery 3 for analog inputs and outputs, Wavegen channel 1 is a yellow wire and Oscilloscope channel 1 is an orange wire on the MTE cable. | ||
+ | |||
+ | For devices that use differential input channels, with MTE cables, make sure to connect the Oscilloscope channel 1 negative and channel 2 negative pins (orange wire with white stripes and blue wire with white stripes, respectively) to the ground pin associated with Wavegen channel 1 (black wire). | ||
+ | |||
+ | /*The Analog Input channels can be used with BNC Cables. For more information, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ test-and-measurement: | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===2.2 Run the Network Analyzer=== | ||
+ | By default, the //Network Analyzer// uses the Test & Measurement Device' | ||
+ | |||
+ | While sweeping, the Run button ({{reference: | ||
+ | |||
+ | With the Wavegen connected to the scope channel 1 input, the plot panes should show channel 1 (orange trace) as a flat 0db magnitude plot, channel 2 (blue trace) magnitude plot decreasing from 0dB to -40dB (this is the magnitude of the filter' | ||
+ | With the phase reference set to channel 1, the phase of channel 2 is correspondingly shown to decrease from 0 degrees to -90 degrees. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When using a device with more than two channels, these channels are also present in the plot panes and have their own configuration options. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | When using a device with BNC cables, make sure to set the attenuation of the oscilloscope probes in the channel options ({{learn: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===2.3 Plot Pane Axes=== | ||
+ | By default, the top pane displays the magnitude response of the circuit network in decibels (from +10dB to -90dB) and the bottom pane displays the phase response of the circuit network in degrees (from +180° to -180°). These respective values are on the left side vertical axis and are adjusted using the configuration panel. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The bottom axis is shared by both plots and by default displays every frequency in the sweep range (1 kHz to 1 MHz). The range can be adjusted using the Control Bar. Alternately, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===2.4 Data Cursors=== | ||
+ | To take a quick measurement of the plotted magnitude and phase at a given frequency, click the Quick Measure: Vertical button ({{reference: | ||
+ | |||
+ | To place one or more normal or delta cursors, click the Add Cursor button in the bottom left pane. The first click will generate a normal cursor and repeated clicks will generate additional delta cursors referenced to the first cursor. To change the delta cursors to a normal cursor, click the arrow icon on that cursor' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ==== Note: Using Multiple Instruments ==== | ||
+ | The //Network Analyzer// instrument can be used with other WaveForms instruments. Using multiple instruments at the same time is helpful in a wide variety of situations. One example would be to use the the //Power Supplies// to provide power to the //Network Analyzer//' | ||
+ | |||
+ | It should be noted that the Analog Input channels cannot be shared by multiple instruments. When the //Network Analyzer// is enabled, any other instruments using the Analog Input channels are disabled. Other instruments that use the Analog Input channels include the // | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | ====3. Network Analyzer User Interface Overview==== | ||
+ | //This section walks through the wide variety of controls and features present in the //Network Analyzer// instrument.// | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{reference: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.1 Control Bar=== | ||
+ | The Control Bar can be found above the plot pane. The control bar contains the Single and Run acquisition buttons, as well as several settings that control the frequency sweep used to probe the circuit under test, accessible via either drop-down menus or text fields. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Additionally, | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **Start:** Allows you to set the frequency that the sweep starts at. The range is 20 μHz to one-quarter of the System Clock frequency - 25 MHz by default for most devices. A yellow warning icon will appear when the selected frequency is outside of the device' | ||
+ | * **Stop:** Allows you to set the frequency that the sweep stops at. The range is 20 μHz to one-quarter of the System Clock frequency - 25 MHz by default for most devices. A yellow warning icon will appear when the selected frequency is outside of the device' | ||
+ | * **Steps:** Controls how many samples are captured during a sweep. Defines the change in frequency between each sample. (Only applicable for Linear scale) | ||
+ | * **/ | ||
+ | * **Source:** Set the source of the waveform generation. Options are External, Wavegen C1, Wavegen C2, or Differential. | ||
+ | * **Mode:** Drop-down menu to enable/ | ||
+ | * **Amplitude: | ||
+ | * **Offset:** Add a DC offset to the amplitude of the signal. | ||
+ | * **Scale:** // | ||
+ | * **Options: | ||
+ | |||
+ | These settings can also be changed by clicking and dragging the plot or by using the mouse wheel - " | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | ===3.2 Configuration Panel=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The first side panel control block is the Magnitude plot configuration window. By default, the units are decibels with a ceiling of 10dB and a floor of -90dB. These parameters can be changed by selecting the drop-down menus labeled Units, Top, and Bottom, respectively. | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Below the Magnitude plot configuration window is the Phase plot configuration window. Here you can select a channel to use as the phase reference (by default it is the first analog input channel). By default, the Offset and Range are set to 0 degrees and 360 degrees, respectively. To change these values, click the **Offset** and **Range** drop-down menus, respectively. | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Below the Phase plot configuration window are two Custom measurement windows. By default, these windows are deselected. To add a custom measurement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Below the Custom window buttons is the Add Channel button ({{learn: | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | Below the Custom/Add channel buttons are the channel configuration windows. By default, the Offset and Gain parameters are set to 0 volts and 1x, respectively. To change these values click on or type in the **Offset** or **Gain** fields, respectively. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | === 3.3 Plot Pane === | ||
+ | The plot pane displays data captured on the analog input channels during the stimulus sweep. The horizontal axis of the plot represents the sample frequency. The vertical axis in the top plot represents the gain of the circuit. The vertical axis in the bottom plot represents the phase shift imposed on the test signal by the circuit under test. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A status indicator in the top left corner of the plot pane displays whether the //Network Analyzer// is running (" | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | === 3.3.1 Plot - Utilities === | ||
+ | The Utility button ({{: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | === 3.3.2 Plot - Quick Measure Tools === | ||
+ | Another set of buttons can be found in the upper right corner of the plot pane: | ||
+ | * Free ({{reference: | ||
+ | * Vertical ({{reference: | ||
+ | * Show Entire Capture ({{reference: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | === 3.4 File Menu === | ||
+ | The **File** menu at the top of the window contains operations that affect the filesystem of the host computer. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Saving a project (with or without any acquisitions) allows the user to close WaveForms without losing any configurations. In addition to this, projects can be shared with others to aid in group projects and guided learning. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Exporting data as an image allows the user to produce a screenshot of the entire Scope tool. Alternatively, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group> | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | === 3.5 Control Menu === | ||
+ | The **Control** menu at the top of the window provides the same functionality as the Single/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | <WRAP column half> | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | === 3.6 View Menu === | ||
+ | A wide variety of different view panes can be added to the user interface using the **View** menu in the toolbar above the Single/ | ||
+ | * //Time:// Displays the signal captured on the analog input channels, in the time domain. | ||
+ | * //FFT:// Displays a Fast-Fourier Transform breakdown of the sweep. | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //Notes:// A text editor pane that can be used to document configuration choices, or whatever other information could be useful to remember. | ||
+ | |||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP group>< | ||
+ | * // | ||
+ | * //Locked:// Enables/ | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Next Steps ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | /* | ||
+ | If voltage values seen in the // | ||
+ | */ | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more guides on how to use the Digilent Test and Measurement Device, return to the device' | ||
+ | |||
+ | For more information on WaveForms visit the [[software: | ||
+ | |||
+ | For technical support, please visit the [[https:// |