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test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start [2021/05/14 23:05] – ↷ Page moved from reference:test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start to test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start Arthur Browntest-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start [2022/09/12 19:01] (current) – changed forum.digilentinc.com to forum.digilent.com Jeffrey
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 **Hardware** **Hardware**
-   * [[https://store.digilentinc.com/analog-discovery-studio-a-portable-circuits-laboratory-for-every-student/|Analog Discovery Studio]] +   * [[https://digilent.com/shop/analog-discovery-studio-a-portable-circuits-laboratory-for-every-student/|Analog Discovery Studio]] 
-   * [[https://store.digilentinc.com/breadboard-canvas/|Breadboard Canvas]]+   * [[https://digilent.com/shop/breadboard-canvas/|Breadboard Canvas]]
    * 4x 1N4001, or compatible diodes    * 4x 1N4001, or compatible diodes
    * 100KΩ resistor    * 100KΩ resistor
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 **Software** **Software**
    * [[https://www.multisim.com/|Multisim Live]]    * [[https://www.multisim.com/|Multisim Live]]
-   * [[reference:software:waveforms:waveforms-3:start|]]+   * [[software:waveforms:waveforms-3:start]]
    * [[https://www.ni.com/en-us/shop/labview/select-edition/labview-community-edition.html|LabVIEW Community]]    * [[https://www.ni.com/en-us/shop/labview/select-edition/labview-community-edition.html|LabVIEW Community]]
    * [[https://www.vipm.io/package/digilent_waveforms_vis/|Digilent WaveForms VIs]]    * [[https://www.vipm.io/package/digilent_waveforms_vis/|Digilent WaveForms VIs]]
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-<html><iframe width="1170" height="600" src="https://www.multisim.com/content/bD6G4ihBKPgsp5gNi9Wob5/lab-4-full-wave-rectifiers-full-wave-bridge-rectifier/open"></iframe></html>+<html><iframe width="100%" height="600" src="https://www.multisim.com/content/bD6G4ihBKPgsp5gNi9Wob5/lab-4-full-wave-rectifiers-full-wave-bridge-rectifier/open"></iframe></html>
  
 --> Questions and Exercises # --> Questions and Exercises #
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-Build the circuit presented in [[reference:test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start#full-wave_bridge_rectifier|Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier]] on the Breadboard Canvas. Connect the function generator's W1 channel (yellow wire) and the oscilloscope's Channel 1+ (orange wire) to the input of the circuit and the 2+ channel of the oscilloscope (blue wire) to the positive output of the circuit. Connect the 2- channel of the scope (blue-white wire) to the negative output. Connect to the ground the 1- channel of the oscilloscope (orange-white wire), and the function generator's ground.+Build the circuit presented in [[test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start#full-wave_bridge_rectifier|Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier]] on the Breadboard Canvas. Connect the function generator's W1 channel (yellow wire) and the oscilloscope's Channel 1+ (orange wire) to the input of the circuit and the 2+ channel of the oscilloscope (blue wire) to the positive output of the circuit. Connect the 2- channel of the scope (blue-white wire) to the negative output. Connect to the ground the 1- channel of the oscilloscope (orange-white wire), and the function generator's ground.
  
 Don't forget to turn the Scope Channel 1 and Scope Channel 2 switches towards the MTE headers. Don't forget to turn the Scope Channel 1 and Scope Channel 2 switches towards the MTE headers.
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 But you might be asking, if $V_{TH}$ is defined as a single point, why does the attenuation vary with different input voltage levels? This is because $V_{TH}$ is only a typical value and not an absolute value. In real-world diodes, the current through the diode, the voltage dropped across the diode and the input voltage are tied together in a non-linear relationship. But you might be asking, if $V_{TH}$ is defined as a single point, why does the attenuation vary with different input voltage levels? This is because $V_{TH}$ is only a typical value and not an absolute value. In real-world diodes, the current through the diode, the voltage dropped across the diode and the input voltage are tied together in a non-linear relationship.
  
-In this section, we will look to graphically model this relationship using two plots. The first plot will show us the relationship between the current through the diode and the voltage drop across the diode, and the second plot will show how these two quantities change with respect to the input voltage. We will use LabVIEW, a graphical programming language, to first automate the plotting of these graphs and then, secondly, analyze these relationships. This section of the lab will assume a working knowledge of the LabVIEW environment and basic programming conventions. For help with getting started in LabVIEW, including installation of the Digilent WaveForms VIs, please view the resources available here: [[reference:test-and-measurement:guides:getting-started-with-labview]]+In this section, we will look to graphically model this relationship using two plots. The first plot will show us the relationship between the current through the diode and the voltage drop across the diode, and the second plot will show how these two quantities change with respect to the input voltage. We will use LabVIEW, a graphical programming language, to first automate the plotting of these graphs and then, secondly, analyze these relationships. This section of the lab will assume a working knowledge of the LabVIEW environment and basic programming conventions. For help with getting started in LabVIEW, including installation of the Digilent WaveForms VIs, please view the resources available here: [[test-and-measurement:guides:getting-started-with-labview]]
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 The VI is able to sweep through a range of voltages, measuring voltage and current at each point. The sweep should start from 0V, end at the Maximum Input Voltage, and increase by the 0.1V in each step. In each sep, the scopes should acquire several samples and the average of these samples should be calculated to get the voltage drop and the current through the diode. The VI is able to sweep through a range of voltages, measuring voltage and current at each point. The sweep should start from 0V, end at the Maximum Input Voltage, and increase by the 0.1V in each step. In each sep, the scopes should acquire several samples and the average of these samples should be calculated to get the voltage drop and the current through the diode.
  
-In each step, the calculated values should be appended to arrays, and these array should be displayed on the front panel, on one of the three plots. The first graph is the I-V curve of the diode. The second graph will show the current through the diode with respect to the input voltage. The third one shows the voltage drop on the diode against the input voltage. While the first graph lets us directly examine the voltage and current relationship of the diode, the second and the third graphs will let us examine how the current and the voltage react to different input voltages. The image to the right shows the general program flow for this VI and the [[reference:test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start#software_setup|Software Setup]] section goes over each of these steps in more detail.+In each step, the calculated values should be appended to arrays, and these array should be displayed on the front panel, on one of the three plots. The first graph is the I-V curve of the diode. The second graph will show the current through the diode with respect to the input voltage. The third one shows the voltage drop on the diode against the input voltage. While the first graph lets us directly examine the voltage and current relationship of the diode, the second and the third graphs will let us examine how the current and the voltage react to different input voltages. The image to the right shows the general program flow for this VI and the [[test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start#software_setup|Software Setup]] section goes over each of these steps in more detail.
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 {{ reference:test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:block_diagram.png?600 |}} {{ reference:test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:block_diagram.png?600 |}}
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 While we can measure voltage across the diode directly, we will have to use a sense resistor ($R_{sense}$) and Ohm’s law to measure current through the diode. We will use the same full-wave rectifier circuit we used previously, however we will change the load resistance to 4.7Ω and will use the //Supplies// instrument to output a DC voltage instead of an AC waveform as our input voltage. While we can measure voltage across the diode directly, we will have to use a sense resistor ($R_{sense}$) and Ohm’s law to measure current through the diode. We will use the same full-wave rectifier circuit we used previously, however we will change the load resistance to 4.7Ω and will use the //Supplies// instrument to output a DC voltage instead of an AC waveform as our input voltage.
  
-Build the circuit presented in [[reference:test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start#full-wave_bridge_rectifier|Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier]] on the Breadboard Canvas. Connect the positive power supply V+ (red wire) to the input of the circuit and the 2+ channel of the oscilloscope (blue wire) to the positive output of the circuit. Connect the 2- channel of the scope (blue-white wire) to the negative output. Connect together the ground of the circuit and the ground of the Analog Discovery Studio (black wire). Connect the 1+ channel of the scope (orange wire) to the anode of a diode and the 1- channel (orange-white wire) to the cathode of the same diode.+Build the circuit presented in [[test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:lab4:start#full-wave_bridge_rectifier|Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier]] on the Breadboard Canvas. Connect the positive power supply V+ (red wire) to the input of the circuit and the 2+ channel of the oscilloscope (blue wire) to the positive output of the circuit. Connect the 2- channel of the scope (blue-white wire) to the negative output. Connect together the ground of the circuit and the ground of the Analog Discovery Studio (black wire). Connect the 1+ channel of the scope (orange wire) to the anode of a diode and the 1- channel (orange-white wire) to the cathode of the same diode.
  
 Don't forget to turn the Scope Channel 1 and Scope Channel 2 switches towards the MTE headers and the and the V± switch towards the POWER inscription. Don't forget to turn the Scope Channel 1 and Scope Channel 2 switches towards the MTE headers and the and the V± switch towards the POWER inscription.
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-<html><iframe width="1170" height="600" src="https://www.multisim.com/content/3ZLH8rSWY3S9MafSvR9oMj/lab-4-full-wave-rectifiers-precision-rectifier/open"></iframe></html>+<html><iframe width="100%" height="600" src="https://www.multisim.com/content/3ZLH8rSWY3S9MafSvR9oMj/lab-4-full-wave-rectifiers-precision-rectifier/open"></iframe></html>
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 ===== Next Steps ===== ===== Next Steps =====
  
-For more complementary laboratories, return to the [[reference:test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:start]] page of this wiki.+For more complementary laboratories, return to the [[test-and-measurement:guides:complementary-labs:start]] page of this wiki.
  
-For technical support, please visit the [[https://forum.digilentinc.com/forum/8-scopes-instruments/|Scopes and Instruments]] section of the Digilent Forums.+For technical support, please visit the [[https://forum.digilent.com/forum/8-test-and-measurement/|Test and Measurement]] section of the Digilent Forums.