{"id":29465,"date":"2023-01-19T08:42:23","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T16:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/?p=29465"},"modified":"2023-01-19T14:24:11","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T22:24:11","slug":"how-can-the-adp3450-be-used-for-wireless-charging-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/how-can-the-adp3450-be-used-for-wireless-charging-development\/","title":{"rendered":"How Can the ADP3450 Be Used for Wireless Charging Development?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COILS COILS COILS<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re like me, you\u2019ll have many wireless charging coils around your lab for various standards. They likely entered your lab well-dressed; adorned in well-labelled packaging, which told you exactly the value of its inductance, resistance, and current rating. But, perhaps, the coils were having a lot of fun in the lab, and the well-labelled packaging that was once their home is now nowhere to be found.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29516 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/1-600x450.jpeg\" alt=\"unlabeled charging coils\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" data-wp-pid=\"29516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/1-600x450.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/1-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/1-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/1-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/1.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> \u00a0<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29517 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2-600x450.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" data-wp-pid=\"29517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2-600x450.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or, perhaps, it\u2019s another glorious day in your lab; you have lots of ideas and are ready to do some prototyping. But the next-day delivery just isn\u2019t quick enough when you need to prototype <\/span><b>now<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The only thing you can prototype some wireless charging with right now is some enameled wire you\u2019ve been using for your PCB re-work. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29518\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/3-600x450.jpeg\" alt=\"wireless charging coil\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" data-wp-pid=\"29518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/3-600x450.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/3-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/3-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/3-1200x900-cropped.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/3.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How will you determine the coil inductance for your unlabeled coils or your DIY enameled hack? You, my friend, may be looking for an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LCR_meter\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LCR metre<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or are you?\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some LCR metres struggle with detecting <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/millihenry#:~:text=millihenry%20(plural%20millihenrys%20or%20millihenries,one%20thousandth%20of%20a%20henry.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">millihenries<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, let alone microhenries. Having the right one can be an investment. Don\u2019t get me wrong, an LCR metre is a piece of equipment that nobody would complain about having in their lab. Being stuck with this problem without an LCR metre can mean that calculating the receiver coil inductance becomes a complicated process requiring multiple pieces of equipment like an oscilloscope and a separate signal generator. But what if you have an ADP3450?<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EQUIPMENT LIST<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/shop\/analog-discovery-pro-3000-series-portable-high-resolution-mixed-signal-oscilloscopes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ADP3450<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 x <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/shop\/p2150-150mhz-bnc-oscilloscope-probe\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BNC scope probes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> OR 1 x BNC scope probe and 1 x <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/shop\/bnc-to-minigrabber-cable\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BNC minigrabber<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (check probe bandwidth)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A resistor of a known resistance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/shop\/software\/digilent-waveforms\/download\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WaveForms<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> software<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All your stray coils<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">STEPS<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. In your new WaveForms workspace, open a new wavegenerator window.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29526\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot-1.png\" alt=\"wavegenerator window in workspace of waveforms\" width=\"392\" height=\"232\" data-wp-pid=\"29526\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Generate a 1kHz sine wave with a 1.5V amplitude.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29527\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshpt-2-600x350.png\" alt=\"Generate a 1kHz sine wave with a 1.5V amplitude\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" data-wp-pid=\"29527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshpt-2-600x350.png 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshpt-2.png 634w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. Connect your probe or BNC minigrabber to Channel 1 of the \u201cwavegen out\u201d section on your ADP3450, and a probe on the first channel of the oscilloscope section.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29525\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/4.png\" alt=\"connected ADP3450\" width=\"495\" height=\"227\" data-wp-pid=\"29525\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Open a new oscilloscope window. Connect your generator to your oscilloscope then make sure both the wave generator and the oscilloscope are running.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Click measurements on the Oscilloscope, and add Peak2Peak. You should now see a peak to peak voltage of 3V.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29528\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screentshot3.png\" alt=\"measurements on oscilloscope- peak to peak voltage of 3V\" width=\"560\" height=\"158\" data-wp-pid=\"29528\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Find a through hole resistor with a known value. If you have a multimeter with a resistance measurement capability handy, feel free to measure your resistor to get a more accurate reading.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29529\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5-600x227.png\" alt=\"measuring resistor to get a more accurate reading\" width=\"600\" height=\"227\" data-wp-pid=\"29529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5-600x227.png 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/5.png 668w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>7. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Connect the resistor between the ground clips and the probe tips of your oscilloscope and wave generator. You have now created a voltage divider with the resistance of the ADP3450 along with the probes on one side, and your known resistor on the other side.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29530\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/6-600x353.png\" alt=\"resistor between the ground clips and the probe tips of the oscilloscope and wave generator\" width=\"600\" height=\"353\" data-wp-pid=\"29530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/6-600x353.png 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/6.png 657w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>8. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observe the new peak to peak voltage on the oscilloscope and make a note of it. Mine was 0.65V.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29532\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot-4-600x339.png\" alt=\"peak voltage on oscilloscope of 0.65V\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" data-wp-pid=\"29532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot-4-600x339.png 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot-4.png 682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>9. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculate the internal impedance by using a regular voltage divider equation:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R1 = R2 x ((V1\/V2)-1)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this case: R2 = 100.2R, V1 = 3V, and V2 = 0.65V<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So R2 = 400R<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10. Replace the resistor with one of your stray coils (Tip: run your soldering iron on the tips of the coils to burn more of the thin layer of insulation so you can have more conductive surface area for probe contacts).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29531\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/7-600x339.png\" alt=\"replacing resistor with coil\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" data-wp-pid=\"29531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/7-600x339.png 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/7.png 641w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>11. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observe the change on the oscilloscope. Most wireless charging coils will have an inductance value in microhenries, so you should see the voltage drop to millivolts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29533\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot5-600x269.png\" alt=\"change seen on the oscilloscope \" width=\"600\" height=\"269\" data-wp-pid=\"29533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot5-600x269.png 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot5.png 643w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12. On the signal generator, increase the frequency until the peak to peak voltage on the oscilloscope is half the original input. So, if the original input was 3V peak to peak, find the frequency where the peak to peak is 1.5V. I found mine at 3.51Mhz. (Tip: the ADP3450 along with WaveForms software allows you to write nifty scripts. Could you automate this step with a script that finds the right frequency automatically?)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29536\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot6-600x252.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"252\" data-wp-pid=\"29536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot6-600x252.png 600w, https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/screenshot6.png 644w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13.\u00a0 Calculate the inductance using R as calculated in step 9 (400R in this example) and f as in step 11 (3.51Mhz). I calculated my coil inductance = 10uH.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29537\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/formula1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"92\" data-wp-pid=\"29537\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BUT WHY?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why does this work? How does this work?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the inductor is connected to the generator, current passes through it. This means that there\u2019s now a voltage drop across the internal impedance of the equipment, which we calculated in step 9. This voltage drop can be seen on the oscilloscope in step 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When voltage seen at the scope is half that of the wave generator, we can solve this algebraically by:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VScope\/VGen = 1\/2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because voltage is a function of frequency and inductance, we can deduce the inductance with a known frequency and voltage. So, at the scope, VScope = I x 2\u03c0f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L, and at VGen = I x (2\u03c0fL + R)? Sort of. But, not really. When we are dealing with inductance, we are dealing with complex impedance and imaginary numbers, so a more accurate equation would be:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VScope\/VGen = 2\u03c0f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L \/ Square Root of((2\u03c0fL)^2 + R^2) = 1\/2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solving for this equation gives L^2 = R^2 \/ (3 x (2\u03c0f)^2), which results in the familiar equation we used in step 12:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29538\" src=\"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/formula2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"182\" height=\"92\" data-wp-pid=\"29538\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOW WHAT?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now you have the inductance of the coil, you can assess if it is suitable for, say, Qi charging and calculate resonant capacitors needed for a properly tuned circuit. Speaking of tuning, can the ADP3450 help us with selection of the wider resonant circuit? That\u2019s next, stay tuned! (pun unintended)<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='watch-action'><div class='watch-position align-left'><div class='action-like'><a class='lbg-style6 like-29465 jlk' data-task='like' data-post_id='29465' data-nonce='ee750c7abc' rel='nofollow'><img src='https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/wti-like-post-pro\/images\/pixel.gif' title='Like' \/><span class='lc-29465 lc'>+4<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='action-unlike'><a class='unlbg-style6 unlike-29465 jlk' data-task='unlike' data-post_id='29465' data-nonce='ee750c7abc' rel='nofollow'><img src='https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/wti-like-post-pro\/images\/pixel.gif' title='Unlike' \/><span class='unlc-29465 unlc'>-2<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class='status-29465 status align-left'><\/div><\/div><div class='wti-clear'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>COILS COILS COILS &nbsp; If you\u2019re like me, you\u2019ll have many wireless charging coils around your lab for various standards. They likely entered your lab well-dressed; adorned in well-labelled packaging, &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":29552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4322,20,4327,1563,1561,4326],"tags":[4372,4352,4373],"ppma_author":[4508],"class_list":["post-29465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-accessories","category-products","category-projects","category-guide","category-applications","category-teaching-training","tag-adp","tag-adp3450","tag-analog"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2023-January-Newsletter-MeasuringCoil-580x380-1.png","authors":[{"term_id":4508,"user_id":66,"is_guest":0,"slug":"selattar","display_name":"Shrouk El-Attar","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1cdf8cfe561f70ef332ac4f94148b80c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"http:\/\/shro.uk","last_name":"El-Attar","last_name_2":"","first_name":"Shrouk","first_name_2":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/66"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29465"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29550,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29465\/revisions\/29550"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29465"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=29465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}