{"id":28809,"date":"2022-02-10T11:58:29","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T19:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digilent.com\/blog\/?p=28809"},"modified":"2022-02-11T09:29:45","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T17:29:45","slug":"getting-started-with-the-ettus-usrp-b205mini-i-gnu-radio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digilent.com\/blog\/getting-started-with-the-ettus-usrp-b205mini-i-gnu-radio\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting Started with the Ettus USRP B205mini-i and GNU Radio"},"content":{"rendered":"

Getting Started with the USRP B205mini-i<\/span> & GNU Radio<\/span><\/h2>\n

Introduction<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

This tutorial presents how to get started with the USRP B205mini-i, an SDR (software-defined radio) platform designed by Ettus Research™<\/a>. It provides a wide frequency range (70\u202fMHz\u202fto 6\u202fGHz) and a user-programmable, industrial-grade Xilinx Spartan-6 XC6SLX150 FPGA.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The USRP B205mini-i is based on the Spartan6 LX150 FPGA, which is used as a controller, and the AD9364 transceiver, used as an analog front end. The AD9364 is a transceiver that can acquire a frequency range from 70\u202fMHz\u202fto 6\u202fGHz\u202fwith a sample rate of up to 61.4\u202fMHz\u202ffor both\u202fADC\u202fand\u202fDAC\u202fwith a maximum bandwidth of 56\u202fMHz. This frequency range allows us to receive and send 3G (UMTS) and 4G (LTE) signals, wireless\u202fLAN, FM\/AM Radio, and more. The board comes in a rectangular form factor with three SMA connectors: one for the transmitter, one for the receiver, and one for the frequency reference.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Installing UHD drivers<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Windows<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

First, we need to download the installer for the drivers from\u202f<\/span>USRP Hardware Driver and USRP Manual<\/span><\/a>. Navigate to the latest releases page (under Installer Packages), select the\u202f<\/span>Windows-10-x64<\/span><\/i>\u202ffolder, and download the installer for your version of Visual Studio and bitness (Winx86 = 32-bit, Winx64 = 64-bit).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

When the download is complete, run the executable file. The set-up wizard pops up.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

It is important to add UHD to the system PATH variable so that commands can be run in the Windows terminal. Next, download the\u202f<\/span>USB driver for Windows<\/span><\/a>\u202fand unzip the file into a known location. We will refer to this as the <directory>. Open the device manager and plug in the USRP device. You will see an unrecognized USB device in the device manager. Right-click on the unrecognized USB device and select\u202f<\/span>update\/install driver software<\/span><\/i>\u202f(may vary for your\u202fOS). In the driver installation wizard, select \u201cbrowse for driver\u201d, browse to the <directory>, and select the .inf file. Continue through the installation wizard until the driver is installed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

We can avoid installing onto a native machine by running a docker container with all the tools already installed. To do so, we have to install Docker – from the\u202f<\/span>Docker Docs<\/span><\/a>\u202fsite – and then download the Dockerfile provided through\u202f<\/span>Ettus Github<\/span><\/a>. Then, we create a docker image and a container for this image to run a virtual Ubuntu machine with all tools installed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Ubuntu<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To install UHD drivers on Linux, first, we need to add the Ettus repository:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ettusresearch\/uhd<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo apt-get update\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Once the repository is added, we need to install all drivers:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo apt-get install libuhd-dev libuhd003 uhd-host<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The terminal output will show something similar to the text found in the dropdown below:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Terminal Output<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ettusresearch\/uhd<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

More info: https:\/\/launchpad.net\/~ettusresearch\/+archive\/ubuntu\/uhd<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel adding it.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:1 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ettusresearch\/uhd\/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.9 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:2 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:3 http:\/\/security.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:4 https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/ubuntu xenial InRelease [66.2 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:5 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:6 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:8 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ubuntu-toolchain-r\/ppa\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:7 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5.1\/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:9 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:10 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ettusresearch\/uhd\/ubuntu bionic\/main amd64 Packages [1,480 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:11 http:\/\/security.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-security\/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [48.9 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:12 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ettusresearch\/uhd\/ubuntu bionic\/main i386 Packages [1,484 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:13 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ettusresearch\/uhd\/ubuntu bionic\/main Translation-en [624 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:14 http:\/\/security.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-security\/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [59.5 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:15 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates\/main i386 Packages [1,142 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:16 http:\/\/security.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-security\/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,464 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:17 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates\/main amd64 Packages [1,727 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:18 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates\/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [295 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:19 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates\/universe amd64 Packages [1,684 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:20 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates\/universe i386 Packages [1,545 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:21 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates\/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [288 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:22 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates\/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,468 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:23 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-backports\/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [9,288 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading package lists… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

E: Repository ‘http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5.1\/ubuntu bionic InRelease’ changed its ‘Label’ valu<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpa<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo apt-get update<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:1 http:\/\/security.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:2 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:3 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ettusresearch\/uhd\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:4 https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/ubuntu xenial InRelease [66.2 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:5 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:6 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:7 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:9 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ubuntu-toolchain-r\/ppa\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:8 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5.1\/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading package lists… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

E: Repository ‘http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5.1\/ubuntu bionic InRelease’ changed its ‘Label’ valu<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpa<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo apt-get install libuhd-dev libuhd003 uhd-host<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading package lists… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Building dependency tree<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading state information… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

kicad-demo libboost-context1.65.1 libllvm7 libllvm9 libwxgtk3.0-0v5<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-42 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-45<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-47 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-48<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

python-wxgtk3.0 python-wxversion<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Next, we need to add the driver rules to the udev (userspace). To do that, first navigate to the repository where the UHD drivers are installed:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> cd <install-path>\/lib\/uhd\/utils\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In that folder, the\u202f<\/span>rules.d<\/span><\/i>\u202fdirectory can be found. Next, copy\u202f<\/span>rules.d<\/span><\/i>\u202finto\u202f<\/span>udev<\/span><\/i>\u202ffolder. Reload the rules.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo cp uhd-usrp.rules \/etc\/udev\/rules.d\/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo udevadm control –reload-rules<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo udevadm trigger\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

The terminal output will look like this:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> cd \/usr\/lib\/uhd\/utils<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo cp uhd-usrp.rules \/etc\/udev\/rules.d\/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo udevadm control –reload-rules<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo udevadm trigger\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Docker on Linux Ubuntu<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To avoid all the installation steps, we can download a docker image based on Ubuntu. To do that, first download the Dockerfile from\u202f<\/span>Ettus Github<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Then, in the same folder that the Dockerfile was downloaded into, execute the command (<\/span>sudo docker build -t uhd_container<\/span><\/i>) to build the container. Example output below:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“docker build” output<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> docker build -t uhd_container .<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sending build context to Docker daemon 1.097MB<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 1\/20 : FROM ubuntu:18.04<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> 56def654ec22<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 2\/20 : MAINTAINER Ettus Research<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> Using cache<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> 41e400e38bd5<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 3\/20 : ENV security_updates_as_of 2019-05-15<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> Using cache<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> 8691ab51cbce<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 4\/20 : ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> Using cache<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> d4f4ae5563b2<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 5\/20 : ARG UHD_TAG=v3.14.0.0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> Using cache<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> 665f579eb940<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 6\/20 : ARG MAKEWIDTH=2<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> Using cache<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> e1f420d77a2a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 7\/20 : RUN apt-get update<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> Using cache<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—> 3e19b7e0724a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Step 8\/20 : RUN apt-get -y install -q build-essential ccache<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

When the process is finished, we can check if the image was added to docker with the command\u202f<\/span>docker image ls<\/span><\/i>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo docker image ls<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

uhd_container latest 044eb9fbb9db 22 minutes ago 2.02GB<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ubuntu 18.04 56def654ec22 6 weeks ago 63.2MB<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 22 months ago 1.84kB<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Once the image is created, we can create and run a new container. It is important to allow access to the\u202f<\/span>\/dev<\/span><\/i>\u202ffolder so that the container can communicate through USB:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo docker run -it –privileged -v \/dev:\/dev -v \/proc:\/proc uhd_container<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Now we can check if the container has access to the board through the command\u202f<\/span>uhd_find_devices<\/span><\/i>. Remember to run the command as administrator (root user):<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0uhd_device_find<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

bash: uhd_device_find: command not found<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

root@e2fe367a8881:\/# uhd_find_devices<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [UHD] linux; GNU C++ version 7.5.0; Boost_106501; UHD_3.14.0.HEAD-release<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

————————————————–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

— UHD Device 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

————————————————–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Device Address:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

serial: 31DDAAD<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

name: B205i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

product: B205mini<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

type: b200<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Now that we can use the device from within our container, we can execute a Python Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) example that can be found in\u202f<\/span>\/usr\/lib\/uhd\/examples\/python#<\/span><\/i>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\/usr\/lib\/uhd\/examples\/python# python3 curses_fft.py -f 100e6<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [UHD] linux; GNU C++ version 7.5.0; Boost_106501; UHD_3.14.0.HEAD-release<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Loading firmware image: \/usr\/share\/uhd\/images\/usrp_b200_fw.hex…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Detected Device: B205mini<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Loading FPGA image: \/usr\/share\/uhd\/images\/usrp_b205mini_fpga.bin…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Operating over USB 3.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Initialize CODEC control…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Initialize Radio control…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Performing register loopback test…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Register loopback test passed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Setting master clock rate selection to ‘automatic’.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Asking for clock rate 16.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Actually got clock rate 16.000000 MHz.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Asking for clock rate 32.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Actually got clock rate 32.000000 MHz.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Connecting to the Device<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

We can test the device by running the USRP Hardware Driver Peripheral Report Utility. Assuming that we connect the USRP B205mini-i to a Linux machine and run the utility (uhd_usrp_probe) in the terminal. If this is the first time that you are running the utility, you will get an error in the terminal:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> uhd_usrp_probe<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [UHD] linux; GNU C++ version 7.5.0; Boost_106501; UHD_3.15.0.0-release<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[WARNING] [B200] EnvironmentError: IOError: Could not find path for image: usrp_b200_fw.hex<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Using images directory: <no images directory located><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Set the environment variable ‘UHD_IMAGES_DIR’ appropriately or follow the below instructions to download the i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Please run:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“\/usr\/lib\/uhd\/utils\/uhd_images_downloader.py”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Error: LookupError: KeyError: No devices found for —–><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Empty Device Address\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This is caused by an empty image directory or by some images being missing from the directory. To fix that, we need to run the\u202f<\/span>uhd_images_downloader.py<\/span><\/i>\u202fscript, which will download and copy the necessary images into the image directory. The script must be run as superuser.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo python \/usr\/lib\/uhd\/utils\/uhd_images_downloader.py<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] Images destination: \/usr\/share\/uhd\/images<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] No inventory file found at \/usr\/share\/uhd\/images\/inventory.json. Creating an empty one.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

19442 kB \/ 19442 kB (100%) x3xx_x310_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

02757 kB \/ 02757 kB (100%) usrp2_n210_fpga_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00006 kB \/ 00006 kB (100%) usrp1_b100_fw_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

02076 kB \/ 02076 kB (100%) n230_n230_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00522 kB \/ 00522 kB (100%) usrp1_b100_fpga_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

01534 kB \/ 01534 kB (100%) e3xx_e310_sg1_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00479 kB \/ 00479 kB (100%) b2xx_b200_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

02415 kB \/ 02415 kB (100%) usrp2_n200_fpga_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

09070 kB \/ 09070 kB (100%) e3xx_e320_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

23071 kB \/ 23071 kB (100%) n3xx_n310_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00523 kB \/ 00523 kB (100%) b2xx_b205mini_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

18697 kB \/ 18697 kB (100%) x3xx_x300_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00464 kB \/ 00464 kB (100%) b2xx_b200mini_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00017 kB \/ 00017 kB (100%) octoclock_octoclock_fw_default-g14000041.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00007 kB \/ 00007 kB (100%) usrp2_usrp2_fw_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00009 kB \/ 00009 kB (100%) usrp2_n200_fw_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00450 kB \/ 00450 kB (100%) usrp2_usrp2_fpga_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

01522 kB \/ 01522 kB (100%) e3xx_e310_sg3_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00162 kB \/ 00162 kB (100%) b2xx_common_fw_default-g2bdad498.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

24996 kB \/ 24996 kB (100%) n3xx_n320_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00319 kB \/ 00319 kB (100%) usrp1_usrp1_fpga_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

04839 kB \/ 04839 kB (100%) usb_common_windrv_default-g14000041.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00009 kB \/ 00009 kB (100%) usrp2_n210_fw_default-g6bea23d.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

16072 kB \/ 16072 kB (100%) n3xx_n300_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

00879 kB \/ 00879 kB (100%) b2xx_b210_fpga_default-gfde2a94e.zip<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] Images download complete.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

When the script has finished running, all images will be downloaded into the directory. The next step is to rerun the command to connect with the board, and if all is good, the board will be discovered. The output of the terminal will show the identifier of the board and the capabilities of the board, as seen in the dropdown below:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“uhd_usrp_probe” sample results<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> uhd_usrp_probe<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [UHD] linux; GNU C++ version 7.5.0; Boost_106501; UHD_3.15.0.0-release<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Loading firmware image: \/usr\/share\/uhd\/images\/usrp_b200_fw.hex…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Detected Device: B205mini<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Loading FPGA image: \/usr\/share\/uhd\/images\/usrp_b205mini_fpga.bin…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Operating over USB 3.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Initialize CODEC control…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Initialize Radio control…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Performing register loopback test…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Register loopback test passed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Setting master clock rate selection to ‘automatic’.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Asking for clock rate 16.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Actually got clock rate 16.000000 MHz.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

_____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| Device: B-Series Device<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | Mboard: B205mini<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | serial: 31DDAAD<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | name: B205i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | product: 30522<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | revision: 3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | FW Version: 8.0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | FPGA Version: 7.0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| |<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | Time sources: none, internal, external<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | Clock sources: internal, external<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | Sensors: ref_locked<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | RX DSP: 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | |<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | Freq range: -8.000 to 8.000 MHz<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | RX Dboard: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | RX Frontend: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Name: FE-RX1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Antennas: TX\/RX, RX2<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Sensors: temp, rssi, lo_locked<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Freq range: 50.000 to 6000.000 MHz<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Gain range PGA: 0.0 to 76.0 step 1.0 dB<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Bandwidth range: 200000.0 to 56000000.0 step 0.0 Hz<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Connection Type: IQ<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Uses LO offset: No<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | RX Codec: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Name: B205mini RX dual ADC<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Gain Elements: None<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | TX DSP: 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | |<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | Freq range: -8.000 to 8.000 MHz<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | TX Dboard: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | TX Frontend: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Name: FE-TX1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Antennas: TX\/RX<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Sensors: temp, lo_locked<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Freq range: 50.000 to 6000.000 MHz<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Gain range PGA: 0.0 to 89.8 step 0.2 dB<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Bandwidth range: 200000.0 to 56000000.0 step 0.0 Hz<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Connection Type: IQ<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Uses LO offset: No<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | _____________________________________________________<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | \/<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | TX Codec: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Name: B205mini TX dual DAC<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

| | | | Gain Elements: None\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If we only want to extract the board identifier, we can run the command below:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> uhd_find_devices<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [UHD] linux; GNU C++ version 7.5.0; Boost_106501; UHD_3.15.0.0-release<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

————————————————–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

— UHD Device 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

————————————————–<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Device Address:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

serial: 31DDAAD<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

name: B205i<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

product: B205mini<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

type: b200<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Now the device is connected and configured.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Running an Example<\/span> DFT<\/span><\/h3>\n

There are some examples that come with the driver. For example, we can run the real-time Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) example. The options for the executable (.\/rx_ascii_art_dft) are frequency (\u2013freq), sampling rate (\u2013rate), gain (\u2013gain), bandwidth (\u2013bw), and reference level (\u2013ref-lvl). The terminal will show the flow of execution, list the parameters, and graph the result:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

.\/rx_ascii_art_dft –freq 94e6 –rate 5e6 –gain 20 –bw 1e6 –ref-lvl -30<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Creating the usrp device with: …<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [UHD] linux; GNU C++ version 7.5.0; Boost_106501; UHD_3.15.0.0-release<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Detected Device: B205mini<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Operating over USB 3.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Initialize CODEC control…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Initialize Radio control…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Performing register loopback test…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Register loopback test passed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Setting master clock rate selection to ‘automatic’.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Asking for clock rate 16.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Actually got clock rate 16.000000 MHz.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Using Device: Single USRP:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Device: B-Series Device<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mboard 0: B205mini<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

RX Channel: 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

RX DSP: 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

RX Dboard: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

RX Subdev: FE-RX1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

TX Channel: 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

TX DSP: 0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

TX Dboard: A<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

TX Subdev: FE-TX1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Setting RX Rate: 5.000000 Msps…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Asking for clock rate 40.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[INFO] [B200] Actually got clock rate 40.000000 MHz.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Actual RX Rate: 5.000000 Msps…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Setting RX Freq: 94.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Actual RX Freq: 94.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Setting RX Gain: 20.000000 dB…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Actual RX Gain: 20.000000 dB…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Setting RX Bandwidth: 1.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Actual RX Bandwidth: 1.000000 MHz…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Getting Started with GNU Radio<\/span> on the Ettus USRP B205mini-i<\/span><\/h3>\n

First, install GNU Radio on the Linux machine using the command\u202f<\/span>add-apt-repository ppa:gnuradio\/gnuradio-releases<\/span><\/i>. See the dropdown below for the expected results in the terminal:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

GNU Radio Installation Results<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnuradio\/gnuradio-releases<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[sudo]password for root:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

PPA for GNU Radio Tagged Releases<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

More info: https:\/\/launchpad.net\/~gnuradio\/+archive\/ubuntu\/gnuradio-releases<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Press [ENTER] to continue or Ctrl-c to cancel adding it.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:1 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:2 https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/ubuntu xenial InRelease [66.2 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:3 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:4 http:\/\/security.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:5 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:6 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ettusresearch\/uhd\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:7 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/gnuradio\/gnuradio-releases\/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.9 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:8 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:10 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ubuntu-toolchain-r\/ppa\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:9 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5.1\/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:11 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/gnuradio\/gnuradio-releases\/ubuntu bionic\/main i386 Packages [7,348 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:12 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/gnuradio\/gnuradio-releases\/ubuntu bionic\/main amd64 Packages [7,336 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:13 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/gnuradio\/gnuradio-releases\/ubuntu bionic\/main Translation-en [4,044 B]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading package lists… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo apt-get update<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:1 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ettusresearch\/uhd\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:2 http:\/\/security.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:3 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/gnuradio\/gnuradio-releases\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:4 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:5 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:6 https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/ubuntu xenial InRelease [66.2 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:7 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:9 http:\/\/es.archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hit:10 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/ubuntu-toolchain-r\/ppa\/ubuntu bionic InRelease<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Get:8 http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5.1\/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading package lists… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

E: Repository ‘http:\/\/ppa.launchpad.net\/js-reynaud\/kicad-5.1\/ubuntu bionic InRelease’ changed its ‘Label’ valu<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpa<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

>>> sudo apt install gnuradio<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading package lists… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Building dependency tree<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reading state information… Done<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

kicad-demo libboost-context1.65.1 libllvm7 libllvm9 libwxgtk3.0-0v5 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-42<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-45 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-47 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-48 python-wxgtk3.0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

python-wxversion<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Use ‘sudo apt autoremove’ to remove them.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The following additional packages will be installed:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

blt fonts-lyx freeglut3 gnuradio-dev libboost-atomic1.65-dev libboost-atomic1.65.1 libboost-chrono1.65-dev<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Note:<\/span><\/b>\u202f<\/span>You may encounter a compatibility error because the UHD driver version installed in the Linux machine is different from the version that comes with GNU. For instance, the version of UHD driver in GNU Radio is\u202f<\/span><\/i>UHD_003.010.003.000-0<\/span><\/i>\u202fwhile the one we installed is\u202f<\/span><\/i>3.15.0.0-1-1ubuntu1~bionic1<\/span><\/i>. To fix the error, first download the correct UHD FPGA Image from\u202f<\/span><\/i>Ettus Resources Hub<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u202f(Direct download:\u202f<\/span><\/i>uhd-images_003.010.003.000-release.tar.xz<\/span><\/i><\/a>). Then, copy the downloaded image to the directory where all images are saved. In this case, we save all images under\u202f<\/span><\/i>\/usr\/share\/uhd\/images<\/span><\/i>. You can also follow the\u202f<\/span><\/i>Building and Installing the USRP Open-Source Toolchain<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u202fto install GNU Radio. This may take longer.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Now we can open GNU Radio and start to work with it.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Using GNU Radio to Design a Frequency Modulation (FM) Receiver<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The FM receiver takes the modulated signal (i.e. radio waves under the VHF band) as input and produces the original audio signal ranging from 20\u202fHz\u202fto 20\u202fkHz.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

First of all, run ‘<\/span>gnuradio-companion<\/span><\/i>‘ in the terminal to open GNU Radio Companion. Then, add the following blocks:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Two Variables, samp_rate and freq:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n