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Conversely, if the pin is at a low voltage level more often, an overall lower voltage (but still greater than the low voltage input) will be observed.<\/p>\n The resulting average voltage can be\u00a0achieved\u00a0through the persistence of vision phenomenon, where our eyes cannot directly see the circuit switching between the high and low voltage states, or it can be accomplished through the use of an appropriate low-pass filter, which takes advantage of a capacitor to “smooth out” the pulses into a constant voltage. Because PWM is such an easy way\u00a0to produce a desired average voltage from a digital source, it is commonly used to drive DC motors at different speeds or have LEDs fade in and out.<\/p>\n Digilent chipKIT boards, such as the Uno32 and the uC32, have several digital pins that are capable of performing pulse-width modulation, as indicated by the underline that appears beneath the numbers on the silk screen.<\/p>\n They are able to produce the PWM\u00a0signal by issuing them an analogWrite() command inside MPIDE with a given value between 0 and 255. The analog write function is technically able to handle values up to 1023, but because the timers within the Uno32 and uC32 are only 8 bits long, this restricts the time frame that the ratio of high to low voltage can be measured in to 256 ticks. \u00a0However, this still allows you to choose a voltage between 0 and 3.3V in approximately 0.013V increments, so for a lot of applications you do not usually need to be more precise than that. To learn more about how the hardware within microcontrollers works with pulse-width modulation, check out this Learn module<\/a>!<\/p>\n<\/a><\/a>